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Chamuscado and Rodriguez Expedition
The Chamuscado and Rodriguez Expedition visited New Mexico in 1581-1582. The expedition was led by Francisco Sanchez, called "El Chamuscado," and Friar Augustin Rodriguez, the first Spaniards known to have visited the Pueblo Indians since Francisco Vásquez de Coronado 40 years earlier.
==Background==
Friar Augustine Rodriguez, stationed near the mining town of Santa Barbara, Chihuahua, the northernmost outpost of New Spain, organized the expedition. In 1579, Rodriguez became interested when an Indian told him of settlements to the north in which the Indians grew cotton and wove cloth. To the Spanish this meant that the Indians were civilized beings who might be made Christian. Rodriguez got permission from Spanish authorities "for the purpose of preaching the Holy Gospel." Rodriguez apparently had little familiarity with Coronado's expedition but had read the account of Cabeza de Vaca.〔Mecham, J. Lloyd, "The Second Spanish Expedition to New Mexico, ''New Mexico Historical Review'', Vol 1, No. 3, July 1926, 265-267; Bolton, Herbert Eugene, ''Spanish Exploration in the Southwest'', 1542-1706. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1916〕
The expedition left Santa Barbara on June 5, 1581. The appointed leader was El Chamuscado (Spanish for "scorched"), so-called because of his flaming red beard. The expedition included nine Spanish soldiers, three Catholic clerics, including Friar Augustin, and 19 Indian servants, including two women. The soldiers were well armed and mounted; the expedition took along ninety horses and 600 sheep, goats, cattle and pigs.〔Mecham, 267-268〕 The expedition was also authorized to explore the country for valuable minerals.〔Riley, Carroll L.,'' Rio del Norte'', Salt Lake City: U of Utah Press, 1995, 227〕
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